Mary Howitt (12 March 1799 - 30 January 1888) was an English poet, author of the famous poem The Spider and the Fly.
Life
Howitt was born Mary Botham at Coleford, in Gloucestershire, the temporary residence of her parents, while her father, Samuel Botham, a prosperous Quaker of Uttoxeter, Staffordshire, was looking after some mining property. Samuel had married his wife Ann in South Wales in 1796 when he was 38 and she was 32. They had four children, Anna, Mary, Emma, and Charles. Their Queen Anne house is now known as Howitt Place.[2]
Mary Botham was educated at home, and read widely; she commenced writing verses at a very early age.[1] Together with her husband she wrote over 180 books.[3]
Marriage
On 16 April 1821 she was married in Uttoxeter to William Howitt, and began a career of joint authorship with her husband. They lived initially in Heanor in Derbyshire, where William was a pharmacist.[2] It was not until 1823, when they were living in Nottingham, that William decided to give up his business with his brother Richard and concentrate with Mary on writing.[2] Their literary productions at first consisted chiefly of poetical and other contributions to annuals and periodicals, of which a selection was published in 1827 under the title of The Desolation of Eyam, and other poems.
William and Mary mixed with many of the important literary figures of the day including Charles Dickens, Elizabeth Gaskell and Elizabeth Barrett Browning. In 1837 they went on a tour of the north and stayed with William and Dorothy Wordsworth.[2] Their work was well regarded, as can be seen from the minister George Byng's present in 1839 from Queen Victoria. She gave him a copy of Mary's book Hymns and Fireside Verses.[2] In the same year, her brother-in-law Godfrey Howitt set out with his wife and her family to emigrate to Australia, arriving at Port Philip in April 1840.[4] The life of Mary Howitt was completely bound up with that of her husband; she was separated only from him during the period of his Australian journey (1851-4). On removing to Esher in 1837 she commenced writing her well-known tales for children, a long series of books which met with signal success.[1] They moved to London in 1843, and following a second move in 1844 they counted Tennyson amongst their neighbors.[2]
While residing at Heidelberg in 1840 her attention was directed to Scandinavian literature, and in company with her friend Madame Schoultz she set herself to learn Swedish and Danish. She afterward translated and introduced Fredrika Bremer's novels (1842-1863, 18 vols.) to English readers. Moreover, Howitt also translated many of Hans Christian Andersen's tales, such as[1]
- Only a Fiddler (1845)
- The Improvisators (1845, 1847)
- Wonderful Stories for Children (1846)
- The True Story of every Life (1847).[1]
Among her original works were The Heir of West Way Ian (1847). She for three years she edited the Drawing-room Scrap Book, writing (among other articles that would be included therein) "Biographical Sketches of the Queens of England". She edited the Pictorial Calendar of the Seasons, translated Ennemoser's History of Magic, and took the chief share in The Literature and Romance of Northern Europe (1852). She also produced a Popular History of the United States (2 vols. 1859), and a three-volume novel called The Cost of Caergwyn (1864).[1]
In June 1852, the three male members of the family, accompanied by Edward La Trobe Bateman, sailed for Australia in the hope of finding a fortune. William would be reunited with his brother Godfrey Howitt, while Mary and her two daughters, the elder, Margaret, who had just returned from a year in Munich with Kaulbach (this adventure was later published as a book) moved into the Hermitage, Mr Bateman's cottage in Highgate. This had previously been occupied by Dante Gabriel Rossetti.[5]
In 1851, her husband and her two sons traveled to Australia in the hope of finding their fortune, but they returned a number of years later; William wrote a number of books describing the flora and fauna of Australia.[2] Her son, Alfred William Howitt, was to be renowned as an Australian explorer, anthropologist and naturalist and the discoverer of the remains of the explorers Burke and Wills, which he brought to Melbourne for burial.
Other children included: Herbert Charlton Howitt, who was drowned while engineering a road in New Zealand; Anna Mary Howitt, wife of Alfred Alaric Watts, the biographer of her father, and author of Art Work in Munich [sic, this is an error in the dictionary cited, correct is An Art-Student in Munich], who died at Dietenheim on 23 July 1884; and Margaret Howitt, the writer of the Life of Fredrika Bremer and of the memoir of her own mother.[1]
Her name was attached as author, translator, or editor to upwards of 110 works. She received a silver medal from the Literary Academy of Stockholm, and on 21 April 1879 was awarded a civil list pension of £100. a year. In the decline of her life she joined the church of Rome, and was one of the English deputation who were received by Pope Leo XIII on 10 January 1888. Her interesting Reminiscences of my Later Life were printed in Good Words in 1886. The death of her husband in 1879, and of her eldest child, Mrs. A. A. Watts, in 1884, caused her intense grief. The Times says, speaking of the Howitts:
Their friends used jokingly to call them William and Mary, and to maintain that they had been crowned together like their royal prototypes. Nothing that either of them wrote will live, but they were so industrious, so disinterested, so amiable, so devoted to the work of spreading good and innocent literature, that their names ought not to disappear unmourned.
Mary Howitt was away from her residence in Meran in Tyrol spending the winter in Rome when she died of bronchitis on 30 January 1888.[1]
Writing
by Alexander Hay Japp
Mary Howitt’s poetical works vary through a wide range. She treated many subjects, and essayed many styles; but one note may be found in all—a delightful naturalness, and a graceful fancy. She had the gift of vision; she clearly painted what she saw, and on fitting occasions could command apt and striking figures. She was free from one of the great faults of the earlier school—she knew no affectations. She has been most remembered by what are, in some respects, her least artistic productions, those poems which she wrote either primarily for children, or were professedly weighted with a lesson or a purpose; whereas several of her pieces are inspired by a fantastic imagination, by a nimble fancy, and an unexpected power over the weird and wonderful. Such pieces as “The Voyage with the Nautilus,” and “An Old Man’s Story,” suffice to attest this. Then she can be very daintily fanciful, and gently, lightly humorous, as proved by a large body of poems, of a purely playful or inventive cast—not to speak of those parables in dialogue, of which “The Spider and the Fly” may be cited as the best-known illustration.
She wrote many poems, too, to commend the study of nature and the practice of humanity to animals; indeed, viewed from one side, a large section of her poetic work was humanitarian: her special claim to praise is that, whatever the subject, whatever the purpose, she managed in her treatment to infuse into the work so much subdued imaginative colour, that it may well be claimed for her, that however definite her purpose or pronounced her moral aim she very rarely or, indeed, never failed to produce what has the true note of poetry, observation, fancy, and happy, figurative illustration. A rare power of raising the conventional or properly prosaic in subject to a higher level, through the divining presence of imagination,—though not perhaps of a very high order,—goes with her, gently irradiating whatever she touches. It would be wholly unjust to try many of her pieces, written with an eye to certain evils almost special to the time—by the highest standard of what we nowadays are taught to consider “high-art.”
But one thing is sure. A certain number of the most successful of Mary Hewitt’s poetic efforts will have the suffrage and favour and gratitude of many generations of young folks yet to come. And in the power which she will thus wield there is an assurance that she not only had a message, but conveyed that message with something of the touch that makes all men (or we may perhaps here say children) kin. That is no slight service to render; no slight fame to have made sure.[6]
Recognition
A version of Howitt's poem "The Spider and the Fly," illustrated by Tony DiTerlizzi, was a Caldecott Honor Book in 2007.[7]
Publications
Poetry
- The Seven Temptations. London: Richard Bentley, 1834.
- Hymns and Fireside Verses. London: Darton & Clark, 1839
- The Poems of Mary Howitt. Philadelphia: J. Locken, 1844.
- Ballads, and other poems. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1847; New York: Wiley & Putnam, 1847.
- The Poetical Works of Mary Howitt, Eliza Cook, and L.E.L. (with Eliza Cook and Letitia Elizabeth Landon). Boston: Phillips & Sampson, 1849.
- Marien's Pilgrimage: A fire-side story, and other poems. London: Darton, [1859?
Fiction
- Wood Leighton, or a Year in the Country. (3 volumes), London: Richard Bentley, 1836. Volume I, Volume II, Volume III.
- Love and Money: An everyday tale. London: Thomas Tegg, 1843; New York: D. Appleton, 1844.
- The Heir of Wast-Wayland. London: Simms & McIntyre, 1851; New York: D. Appleton, 1851; New York: Harper, 1851.
Non-fiction
- A Popular History of the United States of America: From the discovery of the American continent to the present time. London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, & Roberts, 1859. New York: Harper, 1860.
- Mary Howitt: An autobiography (edited by Margaret Howitt). London: W. Isbister, 1889; Boston: W. Houghton, Mifflin, 1889; Cambridge, UK, New York, & Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Volume I, Volume II
- Come Wind, Come Weather: A biography of Alfred Howitt. Carlton, Vic: Melbourne University Press, 1971.
Juvenile
- Peter Parly's Book of the Spider and Fly. Boston: Carter & Hendee, 1830.
- (illustrated by Tony Terlizzi). London: Simon & Schuster, 2002.
- Sketches of Natural History. London: Effingham Wilson, 1834; Philadelphia: Conrad & Parsons, 1834.
- Tales in Verse, for the young. London: Darton & Clarke, 1836.
- Tales in Prose, for the young. London: W. Darton, 1836; Boston: Weeks, Jordan, 1839.
- Birds and Flowers, and other country things (poetry). London: J. Green, 1837; Boston: Weeks, Jordan, 1839.
- Bird and Flowers (poetry). London & New York: Nelson, 1871.
- Strive and Thrive: A Tale. London: Tegg, 1840; Boston: James Munroe, 1840.
- Hope On! Hope Ever!: The boyhood of Felix Law. London: Thomas Tegg, 1840; Boston: James Munroe, 1840; New York: D. Appleton, 1841.
- Sowing and Reaping, or What will come of it. London: Thomas Tegg, 1841; New York: D. Appleton, 1841.
- Little Coin, Much Care: How poor men live. London: Thomas Tegg, 1842; New York: D. Appleton, 1842.
- Work and Wages, or Life in Service: A continuation of 'Little coin, much care'. London: Thomas Tegg, 1842; New York: D. Appleton / Philadelphia: George Appleton, 1843.
- Which is the Wiser; or, People abroad: A tale for youth. London: Thomas Tegg, 1842; New York: D. Appleton, 1842.
- Alice Franklin: A tale; another part of 'Sowing and reaping'. London: Thomas Tegg, 1843; New York & Philadelphia, 1843.
- No sense like common sense, or, Some passages in the life of Charles Middleton, Esq. London: Thomas Tegg, 1843; New York: D. Appleton, 1843.
- The Two Apprentices: A tale for youth. London: Thomas Tegg, 1845; New York: D. Appleton / Philadelphia: George S. Appleton, 1845.
- My Own Story; or, The autobiography of a child . London: Thomas Tegg, 1845; New York: D. Appleton, 1845.
- My Uncle the Clockmaker. London: Thomas Tegg, 1844; New York: D. Appleton, 1845.
- The Children's Year. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1847; New York: Francis, 1847.
- The Childhood of Mary Leeson. London: Darton, 1848; Philadelphia: Perkinpine & Higgins, 1848.
- Our Cousins in Ohio. London: Darton, 1849; New York: Collins, 1849.
- The Steadfast Gabriel: A tale of Wichnor Wood. Edinburgh: William & Robert Chambers, 1850.
- printed as Gabriel: A story of Wichnor Wood. New York: Robert Collins, 1850.
- Juvenile Tales and Stories. New York: D. Appleton / Philadelphia: George S. Appleton, 1850.
- Mary Howittt's Story Book, with illustrations. New York: C.S. Francis, 1850.
- Poetical Tales, for good boys and girls. Worcester, MA: Edward Livermore, 1850.
- The Picture Book for the Young (illustrated by Edward Morin). London: Sampson Low, 1852.
- Mary Howitt's Illustrated Library for the Young. London: W. Kent, 1856.
- Mary Howitt's Illustrated Library for the Young: Second series. London: 1856.
- Who Shall Be Greatest? A tale. New York: Harper, 1860.
- Mr. Rudd's Grandchildren. London: Alfred W. Bennett, 1860.
- Mabel on Midsummer Day: A story of the olden time. Boston: James R. Osgood, 1861.
- Lillieslea; or, Lost and found: A story for the young. London & New York: Routledge, 1861.
- Little Arthur's Letters to his Sister Mary: A pleasing picture-book for young folks. London: Dean, 1861.
- The Poet's Children. London: Alfred W. Bennett, 1863.
- The Story of Little Cristal. London: Alfred W. Bennett, 1863.
- Story of a Genius; or, Cola Monti. New York: D. Appleton, 1867.
- Our Four-footed Friends. London: Partridge, 1867.
- Pictures from Nature. London & New York: Routledge, 1869.
- John Oriel's Start in Life. London: Seeley, Jackson, & Halliday; New York: Carlton & Lanahan / Cincinnati, OH: Hitchcock & Walden, 1869.
- A Pleasant Life. London: Gall & Inglis, 1870.
- Birds and their Nests. New York: Routledge, 1871; London: Aylesbury, 1872.
- Mary Howitt's Instructive Stories for Young People. London: Cassell, Petter, & Gallpin, 1872.
- Tales of English Life, including Middleton and the Middletons. London: F. Warne, 1881.
- Natural History Stories. London: S.W. Partridge, 1890.
Translated
- Frederika Bremer, The Home; or, Family cares and family joys. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1843; New York; Harper, 1843.
- Frederika Bremer, The Neighbours: A story of everyday life. New York: Harper, 1844.
- Hans Christian Andersen, The Improvisatore; or, Life in Italy. London: Richard Bentley, 1845.
- Hans Christian Andersen, Wonderful Stories for Children. London: Chapman & Hall, 1846; New York: Wiley & Putnam, 1846.
- Hans Christian Andersen, The True Story of My Life. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1847,
- Frederika Bremer, The Home; or, Life in Sweden, and Strife and Peace. London: H.G. Bohn 1853.
- Frederika Bremer, Homes of the New World: Impressions of America. (3 volumes), London: Arthur Hall, Virtue, 1853; New York: Harper, 1853. Volume I, Volume II, Volume III.
Edited
- Biographical Sketches of the Queens of England, from the Norman Conquest to the reign of Victoria; or, Royal book of beauty. London: Virtue, 1866.
Except where noted, bibliographical information courtesy WorldCat.[8]
Poems by Mary Howitt
See also
References
- Mary Howitt: An autobiography (edited by her daughter, Margaret Howitt), 1889.
- C.R. Woodring, Victorian Samplers: William and Mary Howitt, 1952.
- A. Lee, Laurels and Rosemary: The life of William and Mary Howitt, 1955.
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 28, Mary Howitt Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "dnb" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Mary Howitt site accessed 3 October 2007
- ↑ William Howitts entry in the Australian Dictionary of Biography accessed 4 October 2007
- ↑ Godfrey Howitt in Aust. Dict. of biography accessed 3 October 2007
- ↑ Little Memoirs of the Nineteenth Century accessed 3 October 2007
- ↑ "Critical and Biographical Essay by Alexander Hay Japp: Mary Howitt (1799–1888)," Women Poets of the Nineteenth Century (edited by Alfred H. Miles), London: Routledge / New York: E.P. Dutton, 1907. Bartleby.com, Web, Sep. 4, 2013.
- ↑ Childrens Book awards announced. New York Times 6 October 2007 accessed 8 October 2007
- ↑ Search results = au:Mary Howitt, WorldCat, OCLC Online Computer Library Center Inc. Web, Sep. 4, 2013.
External links
- Poems
- "Old Christmas" (unabridged)
- Howitt in A Victorian Anthology, 1837-1895: "The Sea Fowler," "Cornfields"
- Selected Poetry of Mary Howitt (1799-1888) (4 poems) at Representative Poetry Online
- Mary Howitt (1799-1888) info & 6 poems at English Poetry, 1579-1830
- Mary Botham Howitt at PoemHunter (17 poems)
- Mary Howitt at Poetry Nook (80 poems)
- Books
- Audio / video
- About
- Howitt, Mary in the Dictionary of National Biography
- Critical and Biographical Essay by Alexander Hay Japp.
- Etc.
- Papers of Mary and William Howitt are held at Manuscripts and Special Collections, The University of Nottingham
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