Ann Plato (ca. 1824–unknown)[1] was a 19th-century mixed-race (African American and Native American) educator and author. She was the second woman of color to publish a book in America and the first to publish a book of essays[1] and poems.
Life[]
Youth[]
Ann Plato was born around 1820 or 1824 in Hartford, Connecticut, and was most likely the eldest daughter of Henry and Deborah Plato.[1] In the 1828 Hartford City Directory, Henry Plato was listed as a laborer and Debroah Plato was listed as a seamstress, living at 23 Elm Street.[2] Her father was a farmer, and she had one sister, as well as a brother who died young.[1] Like many people of color who lived in America during the 1800s, there exists very little information about her. Most of what is known about her comes from the introduction of her book, written by Reverend James W.C. Pennington, pastor of the Colored Congregational Church of Hartford and the first black man to attend classes at Yale University. Pennington was an important influence on Plato's education. In her book's introduction, Pennington wrote of Plato: "My authoress is a colored lady, a member of my church, of pleasing piety and modest worth."[1]
Teacher and writer[]
Plato taught the Free African Schools, housed in the Zion Methodist Episcopal Church until 1847.[2] She was a member of the Talcott Street Congregational Church in Hartford.
In 1841, at the age of 16, she published her only known book, entitled Essays: Including Biographies and Miscellanoeus Pieces in Prose and Poetry.[1] The essays reflected the New England Puritan values of her environment. Topics included "Benevolence," "Education," "Employment" and "Religion." The essays stressed both the importance of education and of leading a pious, industrious life. The book also contained some poetry and biographies of departed female friends and acquaintances.
Nothing is known about Plato's life after her book was published in 1841. Furthermore, the year of her death cannot be found.[3]
Writing[]
Some critics from later generations found Plato's essays and poetry to be overly moralizing as well as routine and lacking in originality. Many of them also derided her for not mentioning the issue of slavery in America, as some of her near contemporaries like Frances Harper and Charlotte Forten Grimke did. Her one reference to slavery in her book concerns its abolition in the West Indies in 1838 (perhaps a reference to the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 valid throughout the British Empire).
Quotations[]
"A good education is that which prepares us for our future sphere of action and makes us contented with that situation in life in which God, in his infinite mercy, has seen fit to place us, to be perfectly resigned to our lot in life, whatever it may be."
"A good education is another name for happiness."
Recognition[]
In 1988, Oxford University Press released The Schomburg Library of Nineteenth-Century Black Women Writers with Professor Henry Louis Gates as the general editor of the series. Plato's book was reprinted as a part of this collection.
Trinity College, Connecticut, established the Ann Plato Fellowship in her honor.
Publications[]
- Essays: Including Biographies and Miscellaneous Pieces, in Prose and Poetry. 1841.
- New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. ISBN 0-19-505247-1.
References[]
- Bassard, Katherine Clay. Spiritual Interrogations: Culture, Gender, and Community in Early African Women's Writing. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999. ISBN 1-4008-0036-6.
- Robinson, William H., editor. Early Black American Poets, Dubuque, Iowa: William C. Brown Publishers, 1969. ISBN 0-697-03953-6
- Sherman, Joan R. Invisible Poets: Afro-Americans of the Nineteenth Century, Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 1974. ISBN 0-252-06061-X
- Shockley, Ann Allen. Afro-American Women Writers 1746-1933: An Anthology and Critical Guide, New Haven, Connecticut: Meridian Books, 1989. ISBN 0-452-00981-2
- Wright, Michelle Diane. Broken Utterances: A Selected Anthology of 19th Century Black Women's Social Thought. Three Sistahs Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0976936510
Notes[]
External links[]
- Poems
- Ann Plato at the Poetry Foundation.
- Prose
- Books
- About
- Ann Plato in the Oxford Companion to African American Literature.
- Etc.
- Information about the Ann Plato Fellowship
- Location of an edition of Ann Plato's book
- Home page for The Schomburg Library of Nineteenth-Century Black Women Writers
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